'Chirality and Agrochemicals' by Alan Williams - Contents 



Preface
Chapter 1 The Significance of Chemical Structure to Biological Systems
Historical Notes - Locks and Keys or Hands and Gloves - Target Definition - Four Possible Outcomes - Chiral Development in Pharmaceuticals - Chiral Development in Agrochemicals - Commercial Significance.
Chapter 2 Structure and Nomenclature in Chirality
The Uniqueness of Carbon - Isomerism - Chirality - The D/L Nomenclature - Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centres - The R/S Nomenclature - Summary of Nomenclature - Enantiomeric Excess - Racemic Mixtures and Racemisation - Resolution - Chirality is not just associated with Carbon - Chirality is not just associated with Chiral Centres.
Chapter 3 The Pyrethroids
A Special Case? - The Natural Pyrethrins - Synthetic Pyrethroids  (incl. The NRDC Licences) - How Chirality has been used by Manufacturers of the Pyrethroids - Non-Ester Pyrethroids.
Chapter 4 Insecticides (other than Pyrethroids)
Introduction - Organophosphates - Other Insecticides - Naturally Derived Insecticides - Acaricides - Insecticides Summary (including the Pyrethroids).
Chapter 5 Herbicides
Introduction - Aryloxyalkanoic Acids - Aryloxyphenoxypropionates - Imidazolinones - Cyclohexanediones - Other Herbicides - Herbicides Summary.
Chapter 6 Fungicides
Introduction - Triazoles - Other DMI Fungicides - Morpholines - Acylalanines (incl. The Development of Metalaxyl) - Fermentation Products - Other Fungicides - Fungicides Summary
Chapter 7 Plant Growth Regulators
Chapter 8 Other Agrochemicals
Introduction - Bactericides - Herbicide Safeners - Insect Pheromones - Insecticide Synergists - Other Agrochemicals Summary.
Chapter 9 Compounds in the Early Stages of Development
Chapter 10 Chiral Manufacture
Introduction - An Outline of Potential Approaches - Chiral Manufacture in Agrochemicals - Manufacturing Strategies - Experts in Chiral Technologies.
Chapter 11 Strategic Considerations
Introduction - Manufacturing Economics in Agrochemicals and Pharmaceuticals - Activity - Safety (incl. Single Isomer Fluoxetine) - Environment - Process - Patent - Other Strategic Considerations.
Chapter 12 The Overall Impact of Chirality in Agrochemicals
Introduction - The Number of Chiral Agrochemicals - The Number of Single/Enhanced Isomer Products - Commercial Comparison of Chiral and Non-Chiral Agrochemicals - Average Values - Comparison With Previous Analyses - A Rider.
Chapter 13 Summary And Conclusions
Summary - A Forecast.
Appendix A Methodology
Appendix B Rodenticides
Appendix C Biologicals
Glossary
Bibliography


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